northern south america and indonesia developed P. falciparum resistence to chlorquine

how can we mitigate drug resistance

alter the target enzyme so that chemotherapy is no longer effective, reduce intracellular concentration of drug, enzyme destroys drug

pyrameht, DHF are similar, but interactions between DFR are changeing ...o boy this is going over my head.

anyone take biochem?

chemical pumps can pump the drug out of the cell.

resistance of P. falciparum show reduced intracellular levels of chloroquin

some drug-resistant organizms produce enzymes that attack and destroy drugs eg beta lactamse break a specific chemical bond in penicillin and its derivative and inactivate them.

gene for these destructive enzymes can be transmitted from one bacterium to another and sometimes across species lines.

first source of drug resistance: mutation

changes in dna sequence

mutations are random and in a large population, DR arises when chance mutation alters some drug target.