Just a few thoughts on the topic:
I don't worry too much about the steel case stuff if it is shot in a gun designed for it or that is shot in normal usage. That LG test really only showed that if you take a torch to any metal pipe/barrel to rapidly heat it up to make it soft and then run any kind of reamer through it, the harder objects will obviously be more abrasive. The barrel wear is directly related to the overheated barrel from firing so many rounds so fast more than just the type of projectile going through it, but the powder/bullet type would play into it slightly. The old M60 machine guns had interchangeable barrels and special mitts to change them out with for that same reason, as shooting enough non tracer rounds to cherry a barrel could destroy it in a matter of minutes even though it was just lead bullets being used. If you didn't change it out and pushed the same barrel too hard for too long it could just meltdown and go limp so that it became a safety hazard to pull the trigger again. They don't make viagra for rifles, just guns.
In areas with lots of trees like where I live, I prefer 5.45x39mm for rifles as it is a long narrow fairly lightweight bullet that still penetrates wood and soft metals very well yet is still fairly cheap to stack deep. A 1080 round surplus tin is around 33 lbs, is fairly watertight prior to opening and can be opened with a Bussekin no problem. That caliber outperforms .223, .308, 7.62x39 and every pistol caliber I have tested for pine and fir penetration. 7.62x54r does the best out of everything I have tested, but it is a lot heavier ammo and rifle is required to shoot it. I suspect there may have been a lot of trees in Russia where/when these rounds were invented. 9mm ball penetrates the same wood the best out of 9,40,& 45.
357mag works very well as a pistol & carbine one caliber option out to about 125yds yet weighs a lot less than the 44mag option. I have a suspicion that if 357 had been around in the cowboy days where pistols and rifles shared ammo it would have been the most popular round.
22lr and 22mag are nice & lightweight, but for a survival round they are very susceptible to moisture turning them into duds which renders them very ineffective at the worst time. I enjoy them in good times and would use them as barter material when things go bad.