This is my opinion, and it is based off of owning and trigger time.
For a rimfire you can not beat the Ruger 10/22 for the weight, mag capacity, ability to put optics on, and the number of accessories like stocks and barrels. Like HD said the Marling is a good rifle too but a Ruger 10/22 is a lot easier to strip and detail clean. .22lr is the dirtiest burning ammo you will ever see.

For a centerfire rifle my vote goes to an AR-15. The nice thing about the AR-15 is the ability to switch calibers by changing uppers, 5-10-20-30 rd mags, very accurate, can go from a hunting to target rifle very easy, ton of accessories and optic possibilities,etc. But like mentioned, the AR is not cheap.

An AK style rifle could fit your list too but my thing is what happens if the european ammo is ever cut off. You would be left high and dry.